Recently, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had announced the Government’s plans to raise Rs 1 lakh Cr via disinvestment by selling their equities in five PSUs – BPCL, Shipping Corporation of India (SCI), Container Corporation (Concor), Tehri Hydro Development Corporation and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) had approved the strategic disinvestment of entire stake in BPCL and sale of the Government’s 63.75% and 30.8% stake in SCI and Concor, respectively, along with management control, to a strategic buyer.
How are Governement Disinvestment done?
[1] Disinvestment via ETF Route
In past, the Government has used ETF route aggressively to meet its disinvestment targets. Currently, there are 2 PSU ETFs in the market.
- The CPSE ETF, launched in March 2014 invests in 11 public sector companies, including ONGC, Coal India, IOC, Oil India, GAIL, Engineers India and Container Corporation of India. Since its launch, the government has raised Rs. 38,500 Cr. Via this ETF
A word on underperformance: Over the last one year, the CPSE ETF has gained 0.85%, while the BSE Sensex has gained 12%.
- Another ETF, Bharat-22 was introduced in 2017. The Bharat-22 ETF includes public sector companies – ONGC, IOC, BPCL, SBI, Bank of Baroda, REC, and PFC, among others. Government’s strategic stake held in private firms such as Larsen & Toubro, Axis Bank, and ITC are part of the Bharat-22 ETF basket.
In both these ETFs, there is no logical theme that has put together these companies other than the Government’s need to divest. The product has been an underperformer and has shown that government is not an efficient allocator of capital.
A word on underperformance: Over the last one year, the Bharat 22 ETF has lost 1%, while the BSE Sensex has gained 12%.
[2] Disinvestment via stake sale
If you look at the list of companies which the Government has selected for disinvestment, you will (rightly) believe that many of these companies should not be disinvested at current valuation as they are currently trading at very low valuations. But the government has little choice other than disinvestment to cater to its growing fiscal deficit.
| Company | BPCL | SCI | CONCOR | |||
| (In Rs. Cr.) | FY18 | FY19 | FY18 | FY19 | FY18 | FY19 |
| Dividend | 3,182 | 3,905 | – | – | 417 | 183 |
| PAT | 9,008.63 | 7,802.30 | 306.50 | (62.66) | 1,068.94 | 1,231.62 |
| Net Worth | 36,618.57 | 38,764.72 | 7,234.16 | 7,183.22 | 9,321.77 | 10,329.90 |
From the fiscal deficit standpoint, disinvestment proceeds will be key to bridge the revenue shortfall, given the lower-than-expected collections in Goods And Services Tax (GST) and the recent cut in corporate tax (from 35% to 25%).
Disinvestment Case of HPCL in 2018
In 2018, ONGC paid Rs 36,915 Cr. to buy government’s 51% stake in HPCL. It helped the government to meet its disinvestment target in FY 2018. To fund this, cash rich ONGC raised its first ever loan of close to Rs 25,000 Cr. to buy the government’s equity in HPCL.
Disinvestment Case of BPCL
The rationale behind this government’s disinvestment programme remains hazy. It would be perfectly understandable if the aim was to exit unprofitable, non-strategic businesses. BPCL, however is the second largest PSU oil marketing company that has been regularly reporting profits and has consistently paid a healthy dividend. The gross refining margins of BPCL refineries are matching the best in the global markets. The only logical explanation to this disinvestment is a hope that e-vehicles will become a reality over the next decade and that Government should not be marketing use of non-renewable sources of energy in future.
Miscalculation of Company’s Valuation – Classic case of IRCTC
IRCTC IPO saw an overwhelming response and was listed at 101% premium at Rs. 644, against the issue price of Rs. 320 per share. The bankers failed to calculate the true value of the Company which completed eroded its valuation. If such a deal had been done in private sector, the bankers working on the issue would be out of business soon thereafter.
Disinvestment Process | Price/Valuation Has an Important Role to Play
In the disinvestment process, selling profitable ventures at a relatively low price is a normal phenomenon. This is because when a disinvestment proposal is announced, there is a declining trend in the share prices, driven by various stakeholders, which impacts valuation.
Disinvestment is not a bad thing. Privatization does lead to economic efficiency. Further, the Government should consider exiting loss making businesses on a case to case basis. The whole process however seems to be ignoring the following concerns:
- Regular dividend paid by these PSUs. Consider this: BPCL has paid more than Rs 15,000 Cr. as dividend over the past four financial years.
- How will the money generated from disinvestment be used?
The present Government’s policy of using PSUs as a potential source to mobilise funds to cover up fiscal deficit is short-sighted. In many cases, the Government should invest more in PSUs and make best use of them to reap a better harvest in terms of dividends.
That said, as retail investors you should selectively buy in companies slated for disinvestment.
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Union Government has till date given in-principle approval for disinvestment of 33 Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).
Complete list of 33 CPSEs: Disinvestment Completed; Disinvestment in process & Recent Approvals
| S.No. | CPSE | Administrative Ministry/Department | ||
| Disinvestment Completed | ||||
| 1 | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. | Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas | ||
| 2 | Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd. | Ministry of Power | ||
| 3 | Hospital Services Consultancy Ltd. | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare | ||
| 4 | National Projects Construction Corporation | Ministry of Water Resources | ||
| 5 | Dredging Corporation of India | Ministry of Shipping | ||
| Disinvestment in process | ||||
| 6 | Project & Development India Ltd. | Department of Fertilizers | ||
| 7 | Hindustan Prefab Ltd. | Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs | ||
| 8 | Engineering Projects (India) Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 9 | Bridge & Roof Co. India Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 10 | Hindustan Newsprint Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 11 | Scooters India Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 12 | Bharat Pumps and Compressors Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 13 | Cement Corporation of India Ltd. | Department of Heavy Industry | ||
| 14 | Hindustan Fluorocarbon Ltd. | Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals | ||
| 15 | Central Electronics Ltd. | Department of Scientific and Industrial Research | ||
| 16 | Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. | Department of Defence Production | ||
| 17 | Ferro Scrap Nigam Ltd. (Subsidiary) | Ministry of Steel | ||
| 18 | Nagarnar Steel Plant of NMDC | Ministry of Steel | ||
| 19 | Alloy Steel Plant; Salem Steel Plant | Ministry of Steel | ||
| 20 | Pawan Hans Ltd. | Ministry of Civil Aviation | ||
| 21 | Air India and its five subsidiaries and one JV | Ministry of Civil Aviation | ||
| 22 | HLL Lifecare | Ministry of Health | ||
| 23 | Indian Medicines & Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd. | Ministry of Ayush | ||
| 24 | Kamarajar Port Limited | Ministry of Shipping | ||
| 25 | Indian Tourism Development Corporation | Ministry of Tourism | ||
| 26 | Karnataka Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Department of Pharmaceuticals | ||
| 27 | Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd. | Department of Pharmaceuticals | ||
| 28 | Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Department of Pharmaceuticals | ||
| Recent approval for strategic disinvestment | ||||
| 29 | (a) Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd – BPCL (except Numaligarh Refinery Limited)
(b) BPCL stake in Numaligarh Refinery Limited |
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas | ||
| 30 | Shipping Corporation of India Ltd. | Ministry of Shipping | ||
| 31 | Container Corporation of India Ltd. | Ministry of Railways | ||
| 32 | THDC India Limited | Ministry of Power | ||
| 33 | North Eastern Electric Power Corp. Ltd. | Ministry of Power | ||
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